1st Year Biology First half Book Paper

Q1. Multiple choice questions (Attempt all · 80 × 0.5 = 40)

1. The main plant body of tracheophytes is:
   1. Gametophyte
   2. Sporophyte
   3. Zygote
   4. Spore
2. The Calvin cycle is also called
   1. C3 pathway
   2. C4 pathway
   3. CAM pathway
   4. Krebs cycle
3. Mycorrhizal fungi help plants in the uptake of:
   1. Nitrogen and oxygen
   2. Phosphorus, zinc, and copper
   3. Hydrogen and helium
   4. Carbon and nitrogen
4. Glucose and fructose are examples of:
   1. Optical isomers
   2. Structural isomers
   3. Functional group isomers
   4. Geometrical isomers
5. If an enzyme solution is saturated with substrate, the most effective way to obtain an even faster yield or products is to:
   1. Add more of the enzyme
   2. Add more substrate
   3. Add an allosteric inhibitor
   4. Add a noncompetitive inhibitor
6. Bacteriophage infects only:
   1. Plants
   2. Animals
   3. Bacteria
   4. Fungi
7. Which of the following processes includes all others.
   1. Osmosis
   2. Diffusion of a solute across a membrane
   3. Facilitated diffusion
   4. Passive transport
8. Thermoacidophiles thrive in which conditions?
   1. Cold and basic
   2. Hot and acidic
   3. Salty and dry
   4. Cold and saline
9. The sex organs of bryophytes are called:
   1. Sporangia
   2. Asci
   3. Conidia
   4. Antheridia and archegonia
10. The first step of glycolysis is best described as
    1. Oxidation
    2. Phosphorylation of glucose
    3. Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP without phosphorylation
    4. Decarboxylation
11. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is commonly known as:
    1. Bread mold
    2. Brewer's yeast
    3. Mushroom fungus
    4. Penicillin mold
12. Proteins are classified into how many main types based on structure and shape?
    1. One
    2. Two
    3. Three
    4. Four
13. Who classified enzymes based on reaction types and mechanisms in 1961?
    1. Watson and Crick
    2. International Union of Biochemistry
    3. Pasteur
    4. Fischer
14. The glycoprotein that helps HIV attach to the host cell is:
    1. gp41
    2. gp120
    3. gp80
    4. gp60
15. Some cellular organelles are bound by a single membrane, while other organelles have two membranes (envelopes) around them. Which one of the following is correct?
    1. Single membrane : Double membranes peroxysomes, lysosome nucleus, chloroplast
    2. Single membrane : Double membranes chloroplast, lysosome nucleus, perox:ysomes
    3. Single membrane : Double membranes nucleus, chloroplast lysosome, perox:ysomes
    4. Single membrane : Double membranes nucleus, lysosome chloroplast, peroxysomes
16. What is a significant difference between bacterial membranes and eukaryotic cell membranes?
    1. Bacterial membranes do not contain cholesterol.
    2. Eukaryotic membranes have peptidoglycan layers
    3. Bacterial membranes have a phospholipid bilayer
    4. Eukaryotic membranes lack membrane proteins
17. Spermatophytes are also known as:
    1. Seedless plants
    2. Thallophytes
    3. Non-vascular plants
    4. Seed-producing vascular plants
18. The main accessory pigment is:
    1. Chlorophyll-b
    2. Chlorophyll-a
    3. Cytochrome
    4. RuBP
19. Protozoa are:
    1. Multicellular eukaryotes
    2. Unicellular eukaryotes
    3. Multicellular prokaryotes
    4. Non-living organisms
20. Each codon in mRNA consists of how many nucleotides?
    1. One
    2. Two
    3. Three
    4. Four
21. The energy that must be added to start a reaction is called:
    1. Potential energy
    2. Kinetic energy
    3. Energy of activation
    4. Thermal energy
22. Which of the following is a DNA virus?
    1. Influenza virus
    2. AIDS virus
    3. Bacteriophage
    4. Rubella virus
23. Which of the following can pass through the cell membrane by simple diffusion?
    1. Glucose
    2. Amino acids
    3. Oxygen and carbon dioxide
    4. Proteins
24. The cell wall of bacteria is composed mainly of:
    1. Cellulose
    2. Pectin
    3. Chitin
    4. Peptidoglycan
25. The aerial stems of Equisetum are characterized by:
    1. Hollow and jointed nodes
    2. Thick woody branches
    3. Unbranched green stems
    4. Fleshy leaves
26. ATP is synthesized in the ETC primarily by
    1. Substrate-level phosphorylation
    2. Direct oxidative reactions
    3. Photophosphorylation
    4. Chemiosmosis via ATP synthase
27. Oomycetes contain cell walls made of:
    1. Chitin
    2. Lignin
    3. Pectin
    4. Cellulose
28. When two amino acids are linked to form peptide linkage______ is removed:
    1. Hydroxyl
    2. Water
    3. Carbon
    4. Nitrogen
29. Oxidoreductases catalyze:
    1. Covalent bond breaking
    2. Hydrolysis reactions
    3. Isomer formation
    4. Oxidation and reduction reactions
30. HIV is treated with:
    1. Antibiotics
    2. Antiviral therapy
    3. Antiretroviral therapy (ART)
    4. Vaccination
31. Which structure is present in plant cells but absent in animal cells?
    1. Mitochondria
    2. Golgi apparatus
    3. Cell wall
    4. Lysosome
32. The cell wall is absent in which bacterial group?
    1. Bacillus
    2. Mycoplasma
    3. Streptococcus
    4. Vibrio
33. Gametophyte in bryophytes is:
    1. Haploid.
    2. Diploid
    3. Triploid
    4. Entaploid
34. In C 3 plants first stable product of photosynthesis during dark reaction is:
    1. PGA
    2. GJP
    3. RuBP
    4. Oxaloacetate
35. Which protist is responsible for causing a gastrointestinal disease known as amoebic dysentery?
    1. Diatoms
    2. Euglenoids
    3. Brown Algae
    4. Entamoeba histolytica.
36. The term nuclein was first used by:
    1. Watson
    2. Crick
    3. Swiss physician Miescher
    4. Franklin
37. Which of the following is not a main class of enzymes?
    1. Oxidoreductases
    2. Transferases
    3. Nucleases
    4. Ligases
38. Which of these is a true statement?
    1. Viruses carry with them their own ribosome for protein formation
    2. New viral ribosomes form after viral DNA enters the cell
    3. Viruses use the host ribosomes for their own needs
    4. Viruses do not need ribosomes for protein formation
39. Which of the following statements is true for osmosis?
    1. It requires energy
    2. It moves molecules against the gradient
    3. It moves solutes only
    4. It occurs through semipermeable membrane
40. Antiseptics are used on:
    1. Non-living surfaces
    2. Living tissues
    3. Instruments
    4. Furniture
41. The process of fertilization in bryophytes occurs in the presence of:
    1. Wind
    2. Water
    3. Sunlight
    4. Insects
42. Water acts as a _______ agent during photosynthesis.
    1. Catalytic
    2. Oxidizing
    3. Neutral
    4. Reducing
43. Which structure is responsible for the production of sexually produced spores in Ascomycota?
    1. Conidiophores
    2. Ascocarp
    3. Conidia
    4. Ascus.
44. How many amino acids are commonly found in proteins?
    1. 10
    2. 15
    3. 20
    4. 25
45. Which of the following has a coenzyme activity?
    1. NAD +
    2. ca ++
    3. Both "a" and "b"
    4. None of them
46. Hepatitis E is transmitted by:
    1. Blood transfusion
    2. Mosquito bite
    3. Faecal-oral route
    4. Airborne droplets
47. The resolving power of an electron microscope is approximately:
    1. 0.2 nm
    2. 0.2 mm
    3. 200 nm
    4. 2 µm
48. How do chemosynthetic bacteria obtain energy for growth and metabolism?
    1. Through photosynthesis
    2. By oxidizing inorganic compounds.
    3. By consuming organic matter
    4. From sunlight
49. The life cycle of Adiantum shows:
    1. Heteromorphic alternation of generations
    2. Homomorphic alternation of generations
    3. Haploid independence only
    4. Diploid dominance only
50. The C₄ pathway is also known as
    1. Hatch-Slack cycle
    2. Calvin cycle
    3. Krebs cycle
    4. Glycolytic pathway
51. Oomycota includes:
    1. Water molds
    2. Bread molds
    3. Mushrooms
    4. Yeasts
52. The number of stereoisomers of glucose can be calculated by:
    1. 2n
    2. n²
    3. n/2
    4. 2ⁿ⁺¹
53. Enzymes that follow the induced fit mechanism are called:
    1. Simple enzymes
    2. Non-regulatory enzymes
    3. Regulatory or allosteric enzymes
    4. Catalytic enzymes
54. Capsomeres are:
    1. Host receptors
    2. Viral enzymes
    3. RNA molecules
    4. Subunits of capsid
55. Ribosomes in prokaryotes are:
    1. 70S
    2. 80S
    3. 90S
    4. 60S
56. The main pigment in purple bacteria is:
    1. Bacteriochlorophyll
    2. Chlorophyll-a
    3. Chlorophyll-b
    4. Phycoerythrin
57. The process by which seeds develop into new plants is:
    1. Pollination
    2. Fertilization
    3. Germination
    4. Dormancy
58. Photorespiration occurs in
    1. Ribosomes
    2. Nucleus and chloroplast
    3. Cytoplasm only
    4. Chloroplast
59. Deuteromycota are also called:
    1. Perfect fungi
    2. Imperfect fungi
    3. Club fungi
    4. Sac fungi
60. Biochemistry is mainly concerned with the study of:
    1. Weather changes
    2. Composition and chemical processes in living organisms
    3. Growth of plants only
    4. Structure of the Earth
61. The reaction rate of salivary amylase with starch decreases as the concentration of chloride Ions is reduced. Which of the following describe the role of the chloride ions?
    1. Allosteric inhibitors
    2. Cofactors
    3. Coenzyme
    4. Competitive inhibitor
62. The virus that attacks bacteria is called:
    1. Bacteriophage
    2. Retrovirus
    3. HIV
    4. Influenza virus
63. In a light microscope, image produced is:
    1. Virtual and erect
    2. Real and erect
    3. Real and inverted
    4. Virtual and inverted
64. Staphylococcus aureus normally lives in the:
    1. Intestine
    2. Mouth
    3. Colon
    4. Nose and skin
65. The waxy substance that prevents plants from drying out is called:
    1. Cutin
    2. Cellulose
    3. Chitin
    4. Lignin
66. Photorespiration takes place only in:
    1. Root
    2. Mitochondria
    3. Green parts of the plant
    4. All cells of the plant
67. The multicellular form of algae is called:
    1. Thallus
    2. Mycelium
    3. Hypha
    4. Colony
68. Lipoproteins are made of:
    1. Lipids and carbohydrates
    2. Protein and phospholipids
    3. Protein and nucleic acids
    4. Fats and sugars
69. Competitive inhibition occurs when:
    1. Inhibitor binds at the active site
    2. Inhibitor binds at another site
    3. Substrate concentration decreases
    4. Temperature increases
70. Viroids can be transmitted through:
    1. Airborne droplets
    2. Mechanical damage, seed, pollen, or biological vectors
    3. Water only
    4. Human contact
71. Which of the following is an exception to cell theory?
    1. Plant cells
    2. Viruses
    3. Fungal cells
    4. Animal cells
72. The kingdom Monera included which type of organisms?
    1. Eukaryotic organisms
    2. Multicellular organisms
    3. Prokaryotic organisms
    4. Photosynthetic organisms
73. The sex organs of Funaria occur on:
    1. Separate plants
    2. The same plant
    3. Different species
    4. Leaf tips only
74. A typical P/O ratio attributed in textbooks to FADH₂ in the ETC is
    1. 1 ATP
    2. 2 ATP
    3. 3 ATP
    4. 4 ATP
75. Amoebas move by:
    1. Cilia
    2. Flagella
    3. Pseudopodia
    4. Spores
76. A fatty acid is unsaturated if it:
    1. Contains hydrogen
    2. Contains double bonds
    3. Contains an acid group
    4. All of them
77. The temperature at which enzyme shows maximum activity is called:
    1. Optimum temperature
    2. Maximum temperature
    3. Minimum temperature
    4. Denaturation temperature
78. Who discovered the tobacco mosaic virus?
    1. Pasteur
    2. Iwanowsky
    3. Stanley
    4. Chamberland
79. The cell theory states that:
    1. All living organisms are composed of cells
    2. Cells are the basic unit of life
    3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells
    4. All of the above
80. The early microorganisms that lived in extreme heat were probably:
    1. Psychrophiles
    2. Mesophiles
    3. Hyperthermophiles
    4. Halophiles