1st Year Biology Full Book Paper

Q1. Multiple choice questions (Attempt all · 80 × 0.5 = 40)

1. The process of replacement of one community by another is divided into phases called
   1. Layers
   2. Generations
   3. Levels
   4. Seral stages
2. The Calvin cycle is also called
   1. C3 pathway
   2. C4 pathway
   3. CAM pathway
   4. Krebs cycle
3. Triploblastic animals have ______ germ layers.
   1. One
   2. Two
   3. Three
   4. Four
4. Thermoacidophiles thrive in which conditions?
   1. Cold and basic
   2. Hot and acidic
   3. Salty and dry
   4. Cold and saline
5. If an enzyme solution is saturated with substrate, the most effective way to obtain an even faster yield or products is to:
   1. Add more of the enzyme
   2. Add more substrate
   3. Add an allosteric inhibitor
   4. Add a noncompetitive inhibitor
6. Which of the following processes includes all others.
   1. Osmosis
   2. Diffusion of a solute across a membrane
   3. Facilitated diffusion
   4. Passive transport
7. Darwin developed his theory in the late
   1. 1700s
   2. 1830s
   3. 1850s
   4. 1900s
8. The human ovary produces
   1. Sperm
   2. Ova
   3. Milk
   4. Hormones only
9. Bacteriophage infects only:
   1. Plants
   2. Animals
   3. Bacteria
   4. Fungi
10. What is the basis for the difference in how leading & lagging strands of DNA molecules are synthesized?
    1. The origins of replication occur only at 5'end.
    2. DNA ligase works only in the 3'----5' direction
    3. Polymerase can only work on one strand at a time
    4. DNA polymerase can join new nucleotides only to the 3' end of a growing strand.
11. The main plant body of tracheophytes is:
    1. Gametophyte
    2. Sporophyte
    3. Zygote
    4. Spore
12. Mycorrhizal fungi help plants in the uptake of:
    1. Nitrogen and oxygen
    2. Phosphorus, zinc, and copper
    3. Hydrogen and helium
    4. Carbon and nitrogen
13. Long-day plants require ______ to flower.
    1. Short nights
    2. Long nights
    3. No light
    4. Continuous dark
14. Glucose and fructose are examples of:
    1. Optical isomers
    2. Structural isomers
    3. Functional group isomers
    4. Geometrical isomers
15. The ABO blood group system was discovered by
    1. Watson
    2. Mendel
    3. Karl Landsteiner
    4. Morgan
16. The synthesis of nitrogen fertilizers is called
    1. Industrial fixation
    2. Biological fixation
    3. Atmospheric fixation
    4. Chemical fixation
17. The first step of glycolysis is best described as
    1. Oxidation
    2. Phosphorylation of glucose
    3. Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP without phosphorylation
    4. Decarboxylation
18. The water vascular system is characteristic of __________.
    1. Arthropods
    2. Echinoderms
    3. Annelids
    4. Molluscs
19. What is a significant difference between bacterial membranes and eukaryotic cell membranes?
    1. Bacterial membranes do not contain cholesterol.
    2. Eukaryotic membranes have peptidoglycan layers
    3. Bacterial membranes have a phospholipid bilayer
    4. Eukaryotic membranes lack membrane proteins
20. Who classified enzymes based on reaction types and mechanisms in 1961?
    1. Watson and Crick
    2. International Union of Biochemistry
    3. Pasteur
    4. Fischer
21. Some cellular organelles are bound by a single membrane, while other organelles have two membranes (envelopes) around them. Which one of the following is correct?
    1. Single membrane : Double membranes peroxysomes, lysosome nucleus, chloroplast
    2. Single membrane : Double membranes chloroplast, lysosome nucleus, perox:ysomes
    3. Single membrane : Double membranes nucleus, chloroplast lysosome, perox:ysomes
    4. Single membrane : Double membranes nucleus, lysosome chloroplast, peroxysomes
22. Neo-Darwinism is the reappraisal of Darwin's theory in terms of
    1. Modern population genetics
    2. Inheritance of acquired characters
    3. Use and disuse of organs
    4. Environmental changes
23. Which of the following hormones provides hormonal trigger to cause ovulation & release of eggs from ovary.
    1. Estrogen
    2. Testosterone
    3. Luteinizing hormon (LH)
    4. All of these
24. The glycoprotein that helps HIV attach to the host cell is:
    1. gp41
    2. gp120
    3. gp80
    4. gp60
25. The enzyme that catalyzes amino acid activation is
    1. Gyrase
    2. Peptidyl transferase
    3. RNA ligase
    4. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
26. The sex organs of bryophytes are called:
    1. Sporangia
    2. Asci
    3. Conidia
    4. Antheridia and archegonia
27. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is commonly known as:
    1. Bread mold
    2. Brewer's yeast
    3. Mushroom fungus
    4. Penicillin mold
28. The most accepted theory of translocation is ______.
    1. Diffusion theory
    2. Capillary theory
    3. Osmotic theory
    4. Pressure flow theory
29. Proteins are classified into how many main types based on structure and shape?
    1. One
    2. Two
    3. Three
    4. Four
30. The basic unit of heredity is
    1. Chromosome
    2. DNA
    3. Gene
    4. Nucleotide
31. Hydrarch succession occurs in
    1. Desert
    2. Water bodies
    3. Mountains
    4. Rocks
32. The main accessory pigment is:
    1. Chlorophyll-b
    2. Chlorophyll-a
    3. Cytochrome
    4. RuBP
33. The main identifying feature of chordates is the presence of __________.
    1. Brain
    2. Notochord
    3. Gills
    4. Segmentation
34. The cell wall of bacteria is composed mainly of:
    1. Cellulose
    2. Pectin
    3. Chitin
    4. Peptidoglycan
35. The energy that must be added to start a reaction is called:
    1. Potential energy
    2. Kinetic energy
    3. Energy of activation
    4. Thermal energy
36. Which of the following can pass through the cell membrane by simple diffusion?
    1. Glucose
    2. Amino acids
    3. Oxygen and carbon dioxide
    4. Proteins
37. Which of the following is not true about Lamarckism?
    1. Somatic changes are heritable
    2. There is experimental proof
    3. Organs can be modified by wish
    4. Both b and c
38. Fertilization of the ovum normally occurs:
    1. In distal part of oviduct
    2. Along the uterine wall
    3. In proximal part of oviduct
    4. Successfully in vagina
39. Which of the following is a DNA virus?
    1. Influenza virus
    2. AIDS virus
    3. Bacteriophage
    4. Rubella virus
40. The genetic cause of Down syndrome is
    1. Trisomy 21
    2. Trisomy 18
    3. Monosomy X
    4. XXY condition
41. Spermatophytes are also known as:
    1. Seedless plants
    2. Thallophytes
    3. Non-vascular plants
    4. Seed-producing vascular plants
42. Protozoa are:
    1. Multicellular eukaryotes
    2. Unicellular eukaryotes
    3. Multicellular prokaryotes
    4. Non-living organisms
43. Water potential of pure water is ______.
    1. Positive
    2. Zero
    3. Negative
    4. Variable
44. Each codon in mRNA consists of how many nucleotides?
    1. One
    2. Two
    3. Three
    4. Four
45. Genes located on autosomes show
    1. Sex linkage
    2. Dominant linkage
    3. Recessive linkage
    4. Autosomal linkage
46. Which region of Pakistan are coniferous forests primarily found in?
    1. Coastal areas
    2. Southern plains
    3. Northern mountainous areas (Himalayas and Karakoram)
    4. Western deserts
47. ATP is synthesized in the ETC primarily by
    1. Substrate-level phosphorylation
    2. Direct oxidative reactions
    3. Photophosphorylation
    4. Chemiosmosis via ATP synthase
48. True coelom is completely lined by ______.
    1. Endoderm
    2. Ectoderm
    3. Mesoderm
    4. Epidermis
49. The cell wall is absent in which bacterial group?
    1. Bacillus
    2. Mycoplasma
    3. Streptococcus
    4. Vibrio
50. Oxidoreductases catalyze:
    1. Covalent bond breaking
    2. Hydrolysis reactions
    3. Isomer formation
    4. Oxidation and reduction reactions
51. Which structure is present in plant cells but absent in animal cells?
    1. Mitochondria
    2. Golgi apparatus
    3. Cell wall
    4. Lysosome
52. Analogous organs arise due to :
    1. Divergent evolution
    2. Artificial selection
    3. Genetic drift
    4. Convergent evolution.
53. Which of the following is a primary organ of the female reproductive system?
    1. Vagina
    2. Ovary.
    3. Uterus
    4. Testes
54. HIV is treated with:
    1. Antibiotics
    2. Antiviral therapy
    3. Antiretroviral therapy (ART)
    4. Vaccination
55. In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until:
    1. The two DNA strands have completely separated and exposed the promater.
    2. Several transcription factors have bound to the promoter
    3. The DNA introns are removed from the template
    4. DNA nucleases have isolated the transcription unit
56. The aerial stems of Equisetum are characterized by:
    1. Hollow and jointed nodes
    2. Thick woody branches
    3. Unbranched green stems
    4. Fleshy leaves
57. Oomycetes contain cell walls made of:
    1. Chitin
    2. Lignin
    3. Pectin
    4. Cellulose
58. Vascular cambium produces ______.
    1. Secondary xylem and secondary phloem
    2. Cork and secondary cortex
    3. Root hairs
    4. Pith
59. When two amino acids are linked to form peptide linkage______ is removed:
    1. Hydroxyl
    2. Water
    3. Carbon
    4. Nitrogen
60. The offspring of a black and white parent in polygenic inheritance is called
    1. Mulatto
    2. Albino
    3. Hybrid
    4. Epistatic
61. Tropical grasslands in Pakistan typically experience which climate?
    1. Arid
    2. Monsoon
    3. Tundra
    4. Mediterranean
62. In C 3 plants first stable product of photosynthesis during dark reaction is:
    1. PGA
    2. GJP
    3. RuBP
    4. Oxaloacetate
63. What is a radula?
    1. A spiny ribbon of tissues used for feeding in snails.
    2. A gas exchange structure in insects
    3. A stinging cell used by sea anemones to capture prey
    4. A supportive rod on the dorsal surface of chordates
64. Antiseptics are used on:
    1. Non-living surfaces
    2. Living tissues
    3. Instruments
    4. Furniture
65. Which of the following is not a main class of enzymes?
    1. Oxidoreductases
    2. Transferases
    3. Nucleases
    4. Ligases
66. Which of the following statements is true for osmosis?
    1. It requires energy
    2. It moves molecules against the gradient
    3. It moves solutes only
    4. It occurs through semipermeable membrane
67. Lamarck presented his theory in the book
    1. Origin of Species
    2. Philosophie Zoologique
    3. Evolution of Life
    4. Theory of Evolution
68. The female reproductive system includes
    1. Ureters, kidneys, vagina
    2. Urethra, cervix, rectum
    3. Seminal vesicle, uterus, vagina
    4. Ovaries, oviducts, uterus, vagina
69. Which of these is a true statement?
    1. Viruses carry with them their own ribosome for protein formation
    2. New viral ribosomes form after viral DNA enters the cell
    3. Viruses use the host ribosomes for their own needs
    4. Viruses do not need ribosomes for protein formation
70. Mustard gas and nitrous gas are examples of
    1. Chemical mutagens
    2. Physical mutagens
    3. Biological mutagens
    4. Natural mutagens
71. Gametophyte in bryophytes is:
    1. Haploid.
    2. Diploid
    3. Triploid
    4. Entaploid
72. Which protist is responsible for causing a gastrointestinal disease known as amoebic dysentery?
    1. Diatoms
    2. Euglenoids
    3. Brown Algae
    4. Entamoeba histolytica.
73. Pressure potential increases when ______.
    1. Water leaves the cell
    2. Solute decreases
    3. Cell becomes flaccid
    4. Cell becomes turgid
74. The term nuclein was first used by:
    1. Watson
    2. Crick
    3. Swiss physician Miescher
    4. Franklin
75. Rh blood group system is encoded by three genes C, D and E which occupy tightly linked loci:
    1. Five
    2. Four
    3. Three
    4. Two
76. What common name is often given to coral reefs because of their great biodiversity?
    1. Deserts of the sea
    2. Gardens of the sea
    3. Rainforests of the sea
    4. Mountains of the sea
77. Water acts as a _______ agent during photosynthesis.
    1. Catalytic
    2. Oxidizing
    3. Neutral
    4. Reducing
78. The exoskeleton of arthropods is made up of __________.
    1. Calcium
    2. Cellulose
    3. Keratin
    4. Chitin
79. How do chemosynthetic bacteria obtain energy for growth and metabolism?
    1. Through photosynthesis
    2. By oxidizing inorganic compounds.
    3. By consuming organic matter
    4. From sunlight
80. Which of the following has a coenzyme activity?
    1. NAD +
    2. ca ++
    3. Both "a" and "b"
    4. None of them