1st Year Chemistry Full Book Paper

Q1. Multiple choice questions (Attempt all · 80 × 0.5 = 40)

1. What is correct statement about Al-Ghazali's approach? (i) He thought that every event must have a cause (ii) He thought that there is succession of events, not causation (iii) He thought that God can suspend the habitual continuation of events۔
   1. i & ii only
   2. ii & iii only
   3. iii only
   4. i,ii & iii
2. The function of Al₂O₃ or concentrated H₂SO₄ is to:
   1. Oxidize alcohols
   2. Form esters
   3. Add hydrogen to double bonds
   4. Remove water from a molecule
3. Which halogen has greenish yellow colour?
   1. $F_2$
   2. $Cl_2$
   3. $Br_2$
   4. $I_2$
4. Basic hydrolysis of an ester produces:
   1. Carboxylic acid and alcohol
   2. Acid and ketone
   3. Aldehyde and water
   4. Carboxylate salt and alcohol
5. Catalyst used in catalytic cracking is generally:
   1. Iron oxide
   2. Nickel
   3. Zeolites
   4. Manganese dioxide
6. The common ion effect occurs when:
   1. Two strong acids are mixed
   2. Two salts are decomposed
   3. Two bases are neutralized
   4. Two compounds produce the same ion in solution
7. Which test produces a silver mirror when reacted with an aldehyde?
   1. Fehling's test
   2. Benedict's test
   3. Tollen's test
   4. Iodoform test
8. Which of the following gases is not a greenhouse gas?
   1. Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
   2. Methane (CH₄)
   3. Nitrogen (N₂)
   4. Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
9. Which type of bonding involves a "sea of delocalized electrons"?
   1. Covalent
   2. Ionic
   3. Metallic
   4. Hydrogen
10. The compound 2-methyl-2-chloropropane (t-butyl chloride) is a:
    1. Primary alkyl halide
    2. Secondary alkyl halide
    3. Tertiary alkyl halide
    4. Quaternary halide
11. Evaporation causes cooling because:
    1. Molecules absorb energy from surroundings
    2. Molecules release heat
    3. Vapour pressure decreases
    4. Surface area increases
12. The activation energy for a reaction can be:
    1. Increased by increasing temprature
    2. Increased by decreasing temprature
    3. Decreased by increasing concentration of reactants
    4. None of these
13. What is the main effect of crude oil leakage on the surface of water bodies?
    1. It increases light penetration
    2. It promotes aeration and plant growth
    3. It forms a black layer, blocking air and light from entering the water
    4. It adds essential nutrients for fish
14. The reactant that is completely consumed during a reaction is called:
    1. Non-limiting reactant
    2. Excess reactant
    3. Limiting reactant
    4. Catalyst
15. As we go down Group 1, ionization energy:
    1. Increases
    2. Decreases
    3. Remains same
    4. Becomes irregular
16. In a catalytic converter, NO reacts with CO to form:
    1. CO₂ + H₂O
    2. N₂ + CO₂
    3. NH₃ + CO
    4. NO₂ + C
17. Hydrolysis involves the attack of:
    1. Water molecule
    2. Acid molecule
    3. Oxygen molecule
    4. Hydrogen molecule
18. Born Haber cycle is used to determine lattice energies of _______:
    1. Molecular solids
    2. Ionic solids
    3. Covalent solids
    4. Metallic solids
19. A reversible reaction is one in which:
    1. Reactants completely convert into products
    2. Products cannot react further
    3. Products react to form reactants again
    4. Reaction occurs only in one direction
20. Semi-conductors possess electrical conductivity:
    1. Equal to metals
    2. Higher than metals
    3. Equal to insulators
    4. Between conductors and insulators
21. In conjugated alkenes, the carbon atoms are:
    1. sp hybridized
    2. Unhybridized
    3. sp³ hybridized
    4. sp² hybridized
22. Amines are derivatives of:
    1. Water
    2. Ammonia
    3. Alcohol
    4. Ether
23. The Greek word "atomos" means:
    1. Divisible
    2. Smooth
    3. Breakable
    4. Indivisible
24. Retrosynthesis is the process of:
    1. Combining simple reactions to make a compound
    2. Distilling alcohols
    3. Separating organic mixtures
    4. Breaking a target compound into simpler precursors
25. The thermal stability of hydrogen halides decreases in the order:
    1. HI > HBr > HCl > HF
    2. HF > HCl > HBr > HI
    3. HCl > HF > HBr > HI
    4. HI > HCl > HBr > HF
26. Which reagent is used to convert alcohol into bromoalkane?
    1. KBr + H₂SO₄
    2. KMnO₄
    3. SOCl₂
    4. NaBr
27. J/L is the unit of :
    1. Energy density
    2. Specific energy density
    3. Energy
    4. Density
28. When air is bubbled through pure water, the pH is lowered from 7.0 to 5.6, which gas in the air is responsible for this change.
    1. Argon
    2. Carbon dioxide
    3. Nitrogen
    4. Oxygen
29. A carboxylic acid contains functional group :
    1. A Hydroxyl group
    2. A Carboxyl group
    3. Hydroxyl and Carboxyl group
    4. A Carboxyl and aldehyde group
30. The process by which greenhouse gases trap heat in Earth's atmosphere is called:
    1. Global cooling
    2. Greenhouse effect
    3. Ozone depletion
    4. Solar reflection
31. A greater difference in electronegativity between two atoms results in a bond that is:
    1. More covalent
    2. Nonpolar
    3. Less ionic
    4. More polar
32. In halogenoalkanes, a hydrogen atom of alkane is replaced by:
    1. Oxygen
    2. Nitrogen
    3. Halogen
    4. Sulphur
33. Cleavage planes are a property of:
    1. Amorphous solids
    2. Gases
    3. Liquids
    4. Crystalline solids
34. In a graph of concentration vs. time, the slope of the curve represents:
    1. Activation energy
    2. Rate of reaction
    3. Temperature
    4. Pressure
35. Water is called a universal solvent mainly because of its:
    1. Low density
    2. Polarity and hydrogen bonding
    3. High temperature
    4. Lack of solubility
36. Which sample produces most hydrogen by reaction with excess of ?
    1. 0.25 mol Ca
    2. 0.25 mol Al
    3. 0.25 mol Zn
    4. 0.25 Na
37. The oxide of chlorine (Cl₂O₇) is:
    1. Basic
    2. Weakly acidic
    3. Strongly acidic
    4. Amphoteric
38. Sulphuric acid acts as a dehydrating agent because it:
    1. Contains water
    2. Removes water from compounds
    3. Forms crystals easily
    4. Produces oxygen
39. The IUPAC name of HCOOH is:
    1. Butanoic acid
    2. Ethanoic acid
    3. Propanoic acid
    4. Methanoic acid
40. The heat of neutralization between NaOH and HCl is approximately:
    1. +58.0 kJ/mol
    2. -58.0 kJ/mol
    3. +57.4 kJ/mol
    4. -57.4 kJ/mol
41. The oxidation of SO₂ to SO₃ is:
    1. Endothermic
    2. Exothermic
    3. Neutral
    4. Reversible only at high temperature
42. The element magnesium belongs to which group based on successive ionization energies?
    1. Group 1
    2. Group 2
    3. Group 3
    4. Group 7
43. Alkanes are also called:
    1. Aromatics
    2. Acetylenes
    3. Olefins
    4. Paraffins
44. Catalytic reduction of nitriles uses:
    1. H₂ / Ni
    2. H₂ / Cu
    3. H₂ / Fe
    4. H₂ / MnO₂
45. Al-Ghazali later rejected the idea of necessary causation because:
    1. It contradicted God's will
    2. It was unscientific
    3. It lacked experimental proof
    4. It was too simple
46. Retrosynthesis works in which direction?
    1. Forward direction
    2. Backward from target to precursor
    3. Random reaction sequence
    4. Simultaneous pathway
47. When NaCl reacts with concentrated H₂SO₄, the gas evolved is:
    1. HF
    2. HCl
    3. HBr
    4. HI
48. In the oxidation of alcohols, the color of dichromate changes from:
    1. Blue to green
    2. Orange to green
    3. Green to brown
    4. Yellow to orange
49. Photovoltaic cells generate which type of current?
    1. Alternating current
    2. Direct current
    3. Pulsed current
    4. Magnetic current
50. The formula for calculating pH is:
    1. pH = log [H⁺]
    2. pH = -log [OH⁻]
    3. pH = log [OH⁻]
    4. pH = -log [H⁺]
51. The reaction of aldehydes and ketones with 2,4-DNP gives:
    1. Yellow precipitate
    2. Blue gas
    3. White fumes
    4. Black residue
52. Which of the following is a short-term effect of air pollution on human health?
    1. Increased cancer risk
    2. Respiratory problems
    3. Long-term memory loss
    4. None of the above
53. The difference in electronegativity greater than 1.8 indicates:
    1. Covalent bond
    2. Ionic bond
    3. Metallic bond
    4. Hydrogen bond
54. Which ion forms white precipitate soluble in aqueous ammonia?
    1. Cl⁻
    2. Br⁻
    3. I⁻
    4. F⁻
55. When gases are heated, their:
    1. Volume decreases
    2. Velocity of molecules increases
    3. Density increases
    4. Pressure decreases
56. The rate of reaction generally increases with:
    1. Increase in temperature
    2. Decrease in temperature
    3. Constant temperature
    4. Cooling
57. Which step involves cooperation among countries for sustainable water use?
    1. Water recycling
    2. Desalination
    3. Smart use of water
    4. International cooperation
58. How much volume of $NH_3$ gas produced when 3g$H_2$ react with excess of $N_2$ at STP.
    1. $24dm^3$
    2. $2.24dm^3$
    3. $2.4dm^3$
    4. $1.2dm^3$
59. The oxide of aluminum is:
    1. Strongly basic
    2. Amphoteric
    3. Acidic
    4. Strongly acidic
60. The bacteria responsible for nitrification are:
    1. Clostridium
    2. Azotobacter
    3. Pseudomonas
    4. Nitrosomonas
61. CH₃-CH₂-COCl is known as:
    1. Propanoyl chloride
    2. Propanamide
    3. Propanoic acid
    4. Propanone
62. Calorie is equivalent to:
    1. 4.18J
    2. 4.18KJ
    3. 0.418J
    4. 0.418KJ
63. For the following reaction: 2A(g) ⇌ 3C(g) We can write:
    1. Kc > Kp
    2. Kc p
    3. Kp – Kc = 0
    4. Kp - Kc =-1
64. The region in space where the probability of finding an electron is maximum is called:
    1. Shell
    2. Orbital
    3. Subshell
    4. Energy level
65. The most likely reaction alkanes undergo is:
    1. Electrophilic addition
    2. Nucleophilic addition
    3. Free radical substitution
    4. Electrophilic substitution
66. Which can donate an electron pair?
    1. RX
    2. RCOR
    3. RCHO
    4. $RNH_2$
67. Al-Ghazali believed that nature follows:
    1. Specific principles set by God
    2. Random actions
    3. Automatic physical reactions
    4. None of these
68. Retrosynthetic analysis is also known as:
    1. Deconstruction
    2. Dehydration
    3. Oxidation
    4. Hydrolysis
69. Which halide ion has the strongest reducing power?
    1. F⁻
    2. Cl⁻
    3. Br⁻
    4. I⁻
70. Formation of esters from alcohols and acids is called:
    1. Reduction
    2. Esterification
    3. Dehydration
    4. Polymerization
71. The equation representing Einstein's mass-energy relation is:
    1. E = ½mv²
    2. E = mc²
    3. E = hf
    4. E = Pt
72. The pH range of phenolphthalein is:
    1. 46025
    2. 3.5-5.5
    3. 46244
    4. 46180
73. The color change in the oxidation of alcohols with acidified potassium dichromate is from:
    1. Orange to green
    2. Green to orange
    3. Blue to red
    4. Yellow to colorless
74. Which of these is NOT an adverse effect of air pollution on the environment?
    1. Disruption of ecosystem
    2. Increased agricultural productivity
    3. Damage to buildings and monuments
    4. Loss of biodiversity
75. The structure of SO₂ molecule is:
    1. Linear
    2. Trigonal planar
    3. Bent
    4. Octahedral
76. Alkyl halides have higher melting and boiling points than alkanes because of:
    1. Hydrogen bonding
    2. Ionic bonds
    3. Bond polarity of C-X bond
    4. Non-polar nature
77. Which of the following shows hydrogen bonding?
    1. CH4
    2. H2S
    3. H2O
    4. CO2
78. If the concentration of C changes from 0.0 to 0.38 mol dm⁻³ in 20 s, the rate of reaction is approximately:
    1. 0.38 mol dm⁻³ s⁻¹
    2. 0.45 mol dm⁻³ s⁻¹
    3. 0.20 mol dm⁻³ s⁻¹
    4. 0.019 mol dm⁻³ s⁻¹
79. Which human activity is the largest consumer of freshwater, placing stress on local water supplies?
    1. Industrialization
    2. Deforestation
    3. Agricultural development
    4. Mining
80. The SI unit of amount of substance is:
    1. Gram
    2. Mole
    3. Liter
    4. Atom