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1st Year Chemistry Second half Book Paper

1st Year · Chemistry · Federal (FBISE)

Name: ____________Roll No: ________Class/Section: ________Date: ________Total marks: 80Time: 3 hours (Section A: 1 hour 40 minutes)

Q1. Multiple choice questions (Attempt all · 80 × 0.5 = 40)

Amines are derivatives of:
1. Water
2. Ammonia
3. Alcohol
4. Ether
Catalyst used in catalytic cracking is generally:
1. Iron oxide
2. Nickel
3. Zeolites
4. Manganese dioxide
Hydrolysis involves the attack of:
1. Water molecule
2. Acid molecule
3. Oxygen molecule
4. Hydrogen molecule
In conjugated alkenes, the carbon atoms are:
1. sp hybridized
2. Unhybridized
3. sp³ hybridized
4. sp² hybridized
Basic hydrolysis of an ester produces:
1. Carboxylic acid and alcohol
2. Acid and ketone
3. Aldehyde and water
4. Carboxylate salt and alcohol
Which halogen has greenish yellow colour?
1. $F_2$
2. $Cl_2$
3. $Br_2$
4. $I_2$
Which of the following gases is not a greenhouse gas?
1. Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
2. Methane (CH₄)
3. Nitrogen (N₂)
4. Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
What is the main effect of crude oil leakage on the surface of water bodies?
1. It increases light penetration
2. It promotes aeration and plant growth
3. It forms a black layer, blocking air and light from entering the water
4. It adds essential nutrients for fish
The compound 2-methyl-2-chloropropane (t-butyl chloride) is a:
1. Primary alkyl halide
2. Secondary alkyl halide
3. Tertiary alkyl halide
4. Quaternary halide
Which test produces a silver mirror when reacted with an aldehyde?
1. Fehling's test
2. Benedict's test
3. Tollen's test
4. Iodoform test
The function of Al₂O₃ or concentrated H₂SO₄ is to:
1. Oxidize alcohols
2. Form esters
3. Add hydrogen to double bonds
4. Remove water from a molecule
Catalytic reduction of nitriles uses:
1. H₂ / Ni
2. H₂ / Cu
3. H₂ / Fe
4. H₂ / MnO₂
J/L is the unit of :
1. Energy density
2. Specific energy density
3. Energy
4. Density
The IUPAC name of HCOOH is:
1. Butanoic acid
2. Ethanoic acid
3. Propanoic acid
4. Methanoic acid
Alkanes are also called:
1. Aromatics
2. Acetylenes
3. Olefins
4. Paraffins
Which reagent is used to convert alcohol into bromoalkane?
1. KBr + H₂SO₄
2. KMnO₄
3. SOCl₂
4. NaBr
The thermal stability of hydrogen halides decreases in the order:
1. HI > HBr > HCl > HF
2. HF > HCl > HBr > HI
3. HCl > HF > HBr > HI
4. HI > HCl > HBr > HF
The process by which greenhouse gases trap heat in Earth's atmosphere is called:
1. Global cooling
2. Greenhouse effect
3. Ozone depletion
4. Solar reflection
Water is called a universal solvent mainly because of its:
1. Low density
2. Polarity and hydrogen bonding
3. High temperature
4. Lack of solubility
In halogenoalkanes, a hydrogen atom of alkane is replaced by:
1. Oxygen
2. Nitrogen
3. Halogen
4. Sulphur
A carboxylic acid contains functional group :
1. A Hydroxyl group
2. A Carboxyl group
3. Hydroxyl and Carboxyl group
4. A Carboxyl and aldehyde group
Retrosynthesis is the process of:
1. Combining simple reactions to make a compound
2. Distilling alcohols
3. Separating organic mixtures
4. Breaking a target compound into simpler precursors
Which can donate an electron pair?
1. RX
2. RCOR
3. RCHO
4. $RNH_2$
Photovoltaic cells generate which type of current?
1. Alternating current
2. Direct current
3. Pulsed current
4. Magnetic current
CH₃-CH₂-COCl is known as:
1. Propanoyl chloride
2. Propanamide
3. Propanoic acid
4. Propanone
The most likely reaction alkanes undergo is:
1. Electrophilic addition
2. Nucleophilic addition
3. Free radical substitution
4. Electrophilic substitution
In the oxidation of alcohols, the color of dichromate changes from:
1. Blue to green
2. Orange to green
3. Green to brown
4. Yellow to orange
When NaCl reacts with concentrated H₂SO₄, the gas evolved is:
1. HF
2. HCl
3. HBr
4. HI
Which of the following is a short-term effect of air pollution on human health?
1. Increased cancer risk
2. Respiratory problems
3. Long-term memory loss
4. None of the above
Which step involves cooperation among countries for sustainable water use?
1. Water recycling
2. Desalination
3. Smart use of water
4. International cooperation
Which ion forms white precipitate soluble in aqueous ammonia?
1. Cl⁻
2. Br⁻
3. I⁻
4. F⁻
The reaction of aldehydes and ketones with 2,4-DNP gives:
1. Yellow precipitate
2. Blue gas
3. White fumes
4. Black residue
Retrosynthesis works in which direction?
1. Forward direction
2. Backward from target to precursor
3. Random reaction sequence
4. Simultaneous pathway
The polar nature of the N-H bond in amines leads to:
1. Ionic bonding
2. Covalent bonding
3. Hydrogen bonding
4. Metallic bonding
The equation representing Einstein's mass-energy relation is:
1. E = ½mv²
2. E = mc²
3. E = hf
4. E = Pt
The functional group -C≡C- is associated with which homologous series?
1. Alkenes
2. Alkynes
3. Aldehydes
4. Halogenoalkanes
The rule governing the addition of HBr to propene is known as:
1. Avogadro's rule
2. Markovnikov's rule
3. Dalton's law
4. Boyle's law
Formation of esters from alcohols and acids is called:
1. Reduction
2. Esterification
3. Dehydration
4. Polymerization
Which halide ion has the strongest reducing power?
1. F⁻
2. Cl⁻
3. Br⁻
4. I⁻
Which of these is NOT an adverse effect of air pollution on the environment?
1. Disruption of ecosystem
2. Increased agricultural productivity
3. Damage to buildings and monuments
4. Loss of biodiversity
Which human activity is the largest consumer of freshwater, placing stress on local water supplies?
1. Industrialization
2. Deforestation
3. Agricultural development
4. Mining
Alkyl halides have higher melting and boiling points than alkanes because of:
1. Hydrogen bonding
2. Ionic bonds
3. Bond polarity of C-X bond
4. Non-polar nature
The color change in the oxidation of alcohols with acidified potassium dichromate is from:
1. Orange to green
2. Green to orange
3. Blue to red
4. Yellow to colorless
Retrosynthetic analysis is also known as:
1. Deconstruction
2. Dehydration
3. Oxidation
4. Hydrolysis
Nitrogen in amines is:
1. sp² hybridized
2. sp³ hybridized
3. sp hybridized
4. Unhybridized
Petroleum mainly consists of:
1. Oxygen and nitrogen
2. Hydrocarbons
3. Acids and bases
4. Proteins
The Greek word "catena," from which "catenation" is derived, means:
1. Chain
2. Ring
3. Atom
4. Compound
Oxidation of methane in presence of oxygen forms:
1. Methanol
2. Methanal
3. Methanoic acid
4. Ethanol
When alcohol reacts with sodium metal, the gas evolved is:
1. CO₂
2. Cl₂
3. O₂
4. H₂
Fluorine reacts with hydrogen:
1. Only in sunlight
2. At room temperature
3. Explosively even in dark and cold
4. Only at high temperature
The process of reducing greenhouse gas emissions through renewable energy use is called:
1. Photosynthesis
2. Absorption
3. Depletion
4. Mitigation
Nonpoint sources of water pollution are widespread and occur mainly due to which of the following?
1. Oil cargo ship leakages
2. Discharge from treatment plants
3. Seepage or runoff carrying pollutants from various places
4. Accidental leaks during offshore exploration
The type of elimination reaction in which β-hydrogen is involved is called:
1. α-elimination
2. β-elimination
3. γ-elimination
4. δ-elimination
Acidified potassium dichromate acts as a/an ______ agent.
1. Reducing
2. Oxidizing
3. Catalytic
4. Neutralizing
The reaction scheme outlines the production of one of the monomers of nylon 66 from compound X. {Compound X →KCN in ethanol → $NCCH_2CH_2CH_2CCH_2CN$ → reduction→ $H_2N(CH_2)$ $6NH_2$ .}Which compound could be?
1. $BrCH_2CH_2CH_2CH_2Br$
2. $CH_2=CHCH=CH_2$
3. $HOCH_2CH_2CH_2CH_2OH$
4. $HO_2CCH_2CH_2CH_2CH_2CO_2H$
The reaction of alkyl halides with ammonia produces:
1. Only primary amine
2. Mixture of all salts
3. Only tertiary amine
4. Only quaternary salt
Which petroleum fraction has the lowest boiling point?
1. Petrol
2. LPG
3. Diesel
4. Bitumen
Nucleophilic substitution reaction involves replacement of:
1. Hydrogen atom
2. Carbon atom
3. Oxygen atom
4. Halogen atom
The condensed structural formula of the major product obtained by hydrobromination of 2-methylpent- 2-ene is:
1. ${CH_3CH(Br)CH(CH_3)CH_2CH_3}$
2. ${(CH_3)_2C(Br)(CH_2)_2CH_3}$
3. ${(CH_3)_2CHCH(Br)CH_2CH_3}$
4. ${CH_2(Br)CH(CH_3)(CH_2)_2CH_3}$
Secondary alcohols are oxidized to form:
1. Ketones
2. Acids
3. Aldehydes
4. Esters
Which of the following halogens is a reddish-brown liquid at room temperature?
1. Fluorine
2. Chlorine
3. Bromine
4. Iodine
Green Building Codes aim to:
1. Promote eco-friendly construction
2. Regulate vehicle emissions
3. Reduce forest area
4. Increase mining activities
The first step in cleaning raw water, which removes large debris like sticks, leaves, and pebbles, is called:
1. Coagulation
2. Filtration
3. Screening
4. Disinfection
In nucleophilic substitution, the halogen atom of alkyl halide is replaced by:
1. Proton
2. Electron
3. Nucleophile
4. Catalyst
The functional group of carboxylic acids is:
1. -OH
2. -COOH
3. -CO-
4. -CHO
The condition required for free radical substitution is:
1. Diffused sunlight
2. Darkness
3. High pressure
4. Acidic medium
Reaction of amine with acid halide produces:
1. Ester
2. Alcohol
3. Amide
4. Ether
The main by-product of nuclear fusion is:
1. CO₂
2. Helium
3. Methane
4. Nitrogen
The correct name of CH₃-O-CH₃ is:
1. Dimethyl ether
2. Methyl alcohol
3. Methanal
4. Methanone
Aliphatic hydrocarbons include:
1. Only aromatic compounds
2. Open chain or closed chain hydrocarbons
3. Only cyclic hydrocarbons
4. Only branched compounds
Primary alcohols on oxidation give:
1. Ketones
2. Aldehydes
3. Esters
4. Ethers
Which of the following halogens has the highest oxidizing power?
1. Cl₂
2. Br₂
3. F₂
4. I₂
Which of the following is not a direct effect of acid rain?
1. Corrosion of monuments
2. Increased soil fertility
3. Loss of aquatic life
4. Reduced crop yield
Which of the following diseases is not directly associated with contaminated water and poor sanitation?
1. Cholera
2. Polio
3. Malaria
4. Dysentery
The reaction of alkyl halide with aqueous NaOH gives:
1. Alcohol
2. Ether
3. Aldehyde
4. Ketone
Fehling's solution contains which ion?
1. Cu²⁺
2. Ag⁺
3. Na⁺
4. Fe²⁺
The reagent used for elimination reaction of alkyl halides is:
1. NaOH (aqueous)
2. NaOH (ethanolic)
3. HCl
4. H₂SO₄
Hoffmann degradation of amides produces:
1. Secondary amines
2. Primary amines
3. Tertiary amines
4. Quaternary salts
Steam reforming produces a mixture of:
1. CO and H₂
2. CO₂ and CH₄
3. H₂O and CO₂
4. O₂ and N₂
The word "organic" comes from the Greek word "organikos," which means:
1. Rock and minerals
2. Chain
3. Carbon
4. Organ and living

Q2. Short questions (Attempt all. Each question has an OR choice · 7 × 4 = 28)

Define raw water and state its main use.
OR
What is Fehling's solution and what is it used for?
What are cis and trans isomers?
OR
Which hydrogen halide is the strongest acid and why?
How can you identify chloroalkane using silver nitrate test?
OR
What is crude oil composed of?
Explain how air pollution affects labour productivity.
OR
Write the general formula of alkyl halide.
What are Lucas reagent and its use?
OR
Define electrophile and nucleophile with two examples each.
Why must the temperature be kept below 10°C during diazonium salt formation?
OR
Define point sources of water pollution and give two examples.
Write the general reaction for hydrolysis of nitriles.
OR
Why are double bonds in conjugated molecules called delocalized?

Q3. Long questions (Attempt all. Each question has an OR choice · 2 × 6 = 12)

Explain how LiAlH₄ and bromine with KOH convert amides into primary amines.
OR
Evaluate the role of alcohols in the synthesis of organic compounds.
Explain how the unique physical and chemical properties of water make it both essential for life and vulnerable to pollution.
OR
Explain the mechanism of free radical substitution reaction of methane with chlorine with suitable equations.