2nd Year Biology Board Pattern Paper 2026

Q1. Multiple choice questions (Attempt all · 17 × 1 = 17)

1. Steroid hormones are secreted by
   1. the adrenal cortex
   2. the gonads
   3. the thyroid
   4. both A and B
2. Which of the following is the respiratory surface in human respiratory system?
   1. larynx
   2. trachea
   3. bronchi
   4. alveoli
3. Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing?
   1. Epiglottis
   2. Soft palate
   3. Tongue
   4. Uvula
4. Which type of antibiotic inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis?
   1. Tetracyclines
   2. Penicillins
   3. Sulfonamides
   4. Fluoroquinolones
5. Which scientific field studies the complete set of DNA of an organism, including all of its genes?
   1. Proteomics
   2. Transcriptomics
   3. Genomics
   4. Metabolomics
6. Birds and mammals are classified as:
   1. Poikilotherms
   2. Homeotherms
   3. Ectotherms
   4. Amphibians
7. Biotechnology can be defined as the use of:
   1. Metals
   2. Microorganisms
   3. Animals
   4. Air
8. The two types of homology discussed in this section are:
   1. Genetic and metabolic homology
   2. Sequence and structure homology
   3. Plant and animal homology
   4. Behavioral and ecological homology
9. Which human activity leads to enhanced greenhouse effect?
   1. Transportation and burning fossil fuels
   2. Photosynthesis in plants
   3. Recycling of waste
   4. Planting trees
10. The heart is stopped during open heart surgery to:
    1. Reduce blood sugar
    2. Keep lungs functioning
    3. Remove cholesterol
    4. Allow repair of heart muscle
11. Which enzyme in sweat helps to break down bacterial cell walls?
    1. Amylase
    2. Lysozyme
    3. Pepsin
    4. Lipase
12. If the number of values is even, median is:
    1. The middle value
    2. Average of two middle values
    3. First value
    4. Last value
13. What percent of nephron enters medulla?
    1. nephron loop
    2. proximal convoluted tubule
    3. distal convoluted tubule
    4. papillary duct
14. In the reflex arc, effectors are usually:
    1. Dendrites
    2. Sensory receptors
    3. Muscles or glands
    4. Axons
15. Which structure does not change its length during contraction?
    1. A band
    2. I band
    3. H zone
    4. Sarcomere
16. Hyperthyroidism may cause:
    1. Graves’ disease
    2. Diabetes mellitus
    3. Goiter
    4. Dwarfism
17. The respiration process at the cellular level is also called:
    1. External respiration
    2. Inhalation
    3. Internal respiration
    4. Exhalation