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Punjab (PTB) · 1st Year Biology paper scheme (Punjab boards) · Free

1st Year Biology Board Pattern Paper 2026

85 marks · 3 hours · 55 questions. Covers: 11 chapters (CHAP 1: Biodiversity and Classification to CHAP 12: Human Skeletal and Muscular System).

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1st Year Biology Board Pattern Paper 2026

1st Year · Biology · Punjab (PTB)

Name: ____________Roll No: ________Class/Section: ________Date: ________Total marks: 85Time: 3 hours

Q1. Multiple choice questions (Attempt all · 17 × 1 = 17)

  1. What causes spring wood to appear lighter?

    1. Absence of xylem

    2. Thicker cell walls

    3. Wider vessels and high cambial activity

    4. Less water absorption

  2. Enzymes are also known as:

    1. Coenzymes

    2. Substrates

    3. Biocatalysts

    4. Metabolites

  3. What prevents backflow of blood in veins?

    1. Arterial pressure

    2. Gravity

    3. Semilunar valves

    4. Pulmonary action

  4. What enzyme is involved in the synthesis of RNA from DNA?

    1. DNA polymerase

    2. RNA polymerase

    3. Ligase

    4. Helicase

  5. What type of body symmetry do chordates exhibit?

    1. Radial

    2. Bilateral

    3. Asymmetrical

    4. None of the above

  6. Which stem cells are derived from early embryos?

    1. Adult stem cells

    2. Pluripotent stem cells

    3. Embryonic stem cells

    4. Induced pluripotent stem cells

  7. What surrounds the new DNA during endospore formation?

    1. A single cell wall

    2. A protein layer

    3. Two membrane

    4. One lipid membrane

  8. What happens if unpleasant taste or smell is detected in food?

    1. Food is swallowed

    2. Food is accepted

    3. Food is rejected

    4. Saliva increases

  9. What is a serious complication of advanced pulmonary tuberculosis?

    1. Respiratory failure

    2. Diabetes

    3. Liver failure

    4. Kidney failure

  10. In a muscle, the Z-line are the proteins for the attachment of the ends of;

    1. Actin filaments

    2. Myosin filaments

    3. Both actin and myosin filaments

    4. Sarcomeres

  11. How much energy is released by breaking one phosphate bond in ATP?

    1. 2 kcal/mole

    2. 4.6 kcal/mole

    3. 7.3 kcal/mole

    4. 10 kcal/mole

  12. What happens to Ψs when more solute is added?

    1. It increases

    2. It becomes more negative

    3. It becomes zero

    4. It becomes positive

  13. What is denaturation of an enzyme?

    1. A reversible change in enzyme shape

    2. Permanent loss of enzyme activity due to temperature or pH

    3. Reaction with substrate

    4. Temporary inhibition of active site

  14. Which ECG segment is prolonged in a first-degree heart block?

    1. ST segment

    2. QT interval

    3. PR segment

    4. QRS complex

  15. Which protein maintains the osmotic concentration of blood?

    1. Fibrinogen

    2. Albumin

    3. Myosin

    4. Tubulin

  16. Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which:

    1. Both organisms are harmed

    2. One benefits, one is harmed

    3. Both benefit

    4. Neither benefits

  17. What may happen to products that are not secreted?

    1. Destroyed by ribosomes

    2. Sent to vacuoles

    3. Become or return to ER

    4. Become thylakoids

Q2. Short questions (Attempt any 8 of 12 · 8 × 2 = 16)

  1. Describe the role of the Golgi body in forming lysosomes.

  2. What is the specific heat capacity of water and why is it significant?

  3. What type of bacteria is used for cleaning up oil spills and how?

  4. What does random sampling enhance in blodiversity studies?

  5. What does the sodium-potassium pump do in nerve cells?

  6. What are acylglycerols and how are they classified?

  7. How do bacteria without flagella achieve motility?

  8. Give an example of an aerial survey.

  9. How does the plasama membrane manage the transport of substance into and out of the cell?

  10. What is the role of hydrogen bonds in water's surface tension?

  11. How is the bacteria flagellum anchored in the cell?

  12. What are point counts?

Q3. Short questions (Attempt any 8 of 12 · 8 × 2 = 16)

  1. What causes jaundice in the digestive system?

  2. What do you mean by hydrolases? Give two examples.

  3. What is the function of companion cells in phloem?

  4. How many ATP molecules are produced in anaerobic respiration?

  5. What are the main functions of the large intestine?

  6. What are irreversible inhibitors and how do they act?

  7. How do plants cope with high temperatures?

  8. What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?

  9. How is food mechanically digested in the oral cavity?

  10. How is the first enzyme regulated in a metabolic pathway?

  11. What is a nutrient?

  12. What happens when RuBisCO binds oxygen instead of carbon dioxide?

Q4. Short questions (Attempt any 6 of 9 · 6 × 2 = 12)

  1. What is expiration or exhalation?

  2. State the phases of heartbeat.

  3. What happens to the opposing muscle during an antagonistic muscle action?

  4. How are the lungs divided and what is the difference between the right and left lungs?

  5. What type of blood does the pulmonary circulation carry to the lungs?

  6. Describe the bones of the pelvic girdle?

  7. What is the function of the epiglottis and how does it work?

  8. How does hypertension affect the kidneys?

  9. What are the underlying causes of tetany and tetanus?

Q5. Long questions (Attempt any 3 of 5 · 3 × 8 = 24)

  1. What is meant by growth in plants and how does it occur in different plant types? 

  2. Distinguish the properties and roles of monosaccharides and classify them.

  3. Write a detailed note on the disorders of skeleton.

  4. Define hypertension and describe the factors that regulate blood pressure and can lead to hypertension and hypotension

  5. Describe the body structure and systems of organisms in Phylum Mollusca.