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2nd Year Biology Board Pattern Paper 20262nd Year · Biology · Punjab (PTB)
Q1. Multiple choice questions (Attempt all · 17 × 1 = 17)
Type I (convex) survivorship curves are characteristic of which organisms?
Over-secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex results in which disease?
What statistical tool breaks data down into specific intervals for a deeper analysis?
The ureters are tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder and are approximately how long?
Sulfonamides are often combined with which agent to create a stronger, bactericidal combined therapy?
If a father has an X-linked dominant trait, who among his children will inherit it?
Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?
Macrophages ingest a bacterium by which cellular process?
In which year did Charles Darwin set sail on his scientific expedition?
Which parts of a neuron receive information from other cells and carry impulses toward the cell body?
Why has most gene research in humans focused on somatic cells instead of germline cells?
How many initial bases of the new mRNA strand form a temporary hybrid helix with the template DNA strand?
The site of the production of sperm is:
Absorption and re-emission of heat radiation by the atmosphere is called:
Antidiuretic and oxytocin hormones are produced by:
Which of the following is considered the simplest form of variability to measure data dispersion?
Which type of nephron makes up the majority (about 85%) of nephrons in the kidney?
Q2. Short questions (Attempt any 8 of 12 · 8 × 2 = 16)
What happens to the body if one cerebral hemisphere suffers damage?
Briefly explain how Peritoneal Dialysis works.
Trace the path of spermatozoa through the male accessory ducts starting from the seminiferous tubules.
Explain how the body responds via negative feedback when temperature exceeds 37°C.
State the role of hormones as chemical messengers.
Differentiate between Beta waves and Delta waves on an EEG.
Differentiate between Cortical and Juxtamedullary nephrons.
When do the ova in a females begin meiosis? When do they complete the first meiotic division?
Why can only freshwater animals afford to excrete ammonia directly?
Differentiate between; Beta and alpha cells of pancreas.
Differentiate between; White matter and grey matter.
List the organs of the urinary system.
Q3. Short questions (Attempt any 8 of 12 · 8 × 2 = 16)
How have scientists created malaria-resistant mosquitoes in the laboratory?
Define Natural Active Immunity.
What is a replication origin site, and how does its quantity differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Describe the mutant fly that Thomas Hunt Morgan observed in 1910.
List the three key characteristics of a bar chart.
Why are bacterial cells preferred as an ideal expression system?
What is the primary drawback of using general immunosuppressive drugs to treat autoimmune diseases or transplant rejection?
Describe the structural dimensions and nucleotide count of DNA in an average human chromosome
Breakdown the disguised 1:2:1 genetic ratio found within the F2 generation.
What does a legend in a chart present?
What is the primary function of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?
How does Active Immunity differ from Passive Immunity?
Q4. Short questions (Attempt any 6 of 9 · 6 × 2 = 12)
List four major human activities that release excessive carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
Differentiate between the actions of Fluoroquinolones on Gram-positive versus Gram-negative bacteria.
Explain what Divergent Evolution means.
Why is the biosphere often called the "Global Ecosystem"?
Define the primary purpose of drug discovery and drug development.
Why was Lamarck criticized heavily during his own lifetime?
Differentiate between gaseous cycles and sedimentary cycles.
Differentiate between in vitro and in vivo testing in Preclinical Research.
What is the title of the book published by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, and what does it mean?
Q5. Long questions (Attempt any 3 of 5 · 3 × 8 = 24)
Assess the possible consequences of the misuse and overuse of antibiotics on human health.
Describe the effect of endocrine disrupting contaminants on the reproductive abilities.
How are monocytes, T-cells and B-cells the components of the immune system?
DNA Polymerase III is a highly efficient proof-reader that fixes its own mistakes. What happens to a cell if the gene for the "proof-reader" enzyme itself gets a mutation?
Write a note on the inheritance of colour blindness in humans.