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2nd Year Computer Chapter 7 Test2nd Year · Computer · Punjab (PTB)
Q1. Multiple choice questions (Attempt all · 10 × 1 = 10)
What is the basic formula used to calculate the Chi-Square (x2) test statistic?
If a new medical drug test yields a p-value of 0.01 against a significance level of 0.05, it implies that:
What can occur if test results are misinterpreted?
The critical region is the:
An example of a test statistic is:
According to the general flowchart of hypothesis testing, what decision is made if the p-value is less than
?
A p-value is used for:
Which values are analyzed during the interpretation of test results?
What was the sample mean (
) calculated from the 10 student marks (72, 75, 78, 74, 77, 80, 76, 79, 81, 78)?
What effect do vague statements have on hypotheses?
Q2. Short questions (Attempt any 6 of 8 · 6 × 2 = 12)
In the formula
, what is meant by x?
How are degrees of freedom (df) calculated for a single-sample t-test?
Define Survey Bias with an example.
What are the key principles of responsible communication of findings?
What are the two most common types of hypotheses used in testing?
Write the formula for calculating the Chi-Square (x2) statistic.
What is the role of research questions in a study?
What role do transparency and accountability play in data analysis?
Q3. Long questions (Attempt any 2 of 3 · 2 × 4 = 8)
Explain the concept of test statistics in detail. Include the mathematical formulas, variable definitions, and step-by-step calculations for both the T-value test and the Chi-Square test using representative examples.
Discuss ethical issues in data science, including bias, ethical use of data, and responsible communication.
Explain key concepts in hypothesis testing, including test statistics, critical region, and p-value.