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Punjab (PTB) · 2nd Year Physics paper scheme (Punjab boards) · Free

2nd Year Physics Board Pattern Paper 2026

85 marks · 3 hours (MCQs 20 minutes, subjective 2 hours 40 minutes) · 55 questions. Covers: 9 chapters (CHAP 13: THERMAL PHYSICS to CHAP 21: SPACE AND ENVIRONMENT).

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2nd Year Physics Board Pattern Paper 2026

2nd Year · Physics · Punjab (PTB)

Name: ____________Roll No: ________Class/Section: ________Date: ________Total marks: 85Time: 3 hours (MCQs 20 minutes, subjective 2 hours 40 minutes)

Q1. Multiple choice questions (Attempt all · 17 × 1 = 17)

  1. An increase in the wavelength of spectral lines from distant stars and galaxies compared to their laboratory values is called:

    1. Blueshift

    2. Redshift

    3. Absorption spectrum

    4. Blackbody radiation

  2. According to the kinetic theory, gas pressure arises due to particles interacting with each other and what else?

    1. The volume of the container

    2. The walls of the container

    3. The absolute zero temperature

    4. External atmospheric forces

  3. An array of a large number of parallel slits with equal width and equal spacing between centers is called a:

    1. Plano-convex lens

    2. Rubens tube

    3. Diffraction grating

    4. Michelson interferometer

  4. Which medical application of capacitors delivers a life-saving shock to restore a normal heart rhythm?

    1. Defibrillator

    2. Ultrasound machine

    3. X-Ray filtration

    4. EEG signal recorder

  5. The potential energy called binding energy is considered to have a value similar to absolute gravitational potential:

    1. Positive

    2. Neutral

    3. Negative

    4. Zero

  6. A motion which repeats itself after an equal interval of time is called a:

    1. Rotational motion

    2. Random motion

    3. Periodic motion

    4. Linear motion

  7. Through which of the AC-circuit elements both emf and current are in phase?

    1. Resistance

    2. Inductor

    3. Capacitor

    4. LED

  8. Quanta is the plural form of:

    1. Quantum

    2. Quark

    3. Quarkum

    4. Quantae

  9. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) works through gamma-ray detection and which of the following physical processes?

    1. Piezoelectric effect

    2. Positron–electron annihilation

    3. Nuclear fission

    4. X-ray diffraction

  10. What technology uses sensors aboard orbiting spacecraft to monitor Earth's environment from space?

    1. Thermohaline circulation

    2. Satellite remote sensing

    3. Ground-based seismology

    4. Anemometry

  11. In highly massive stars, successive fusion stages continue until the core forms increasingly complex nuclei up to which element?

    1. Helium

    2. Carbon

    3. Oxygen

    4. Iron

  12. Who constructed the first diffraction grating using fine wires?

    1. Thomas Young

    2. James Clerk Maxwell

    3. Christiaan Huygens

    4. Joseph von Fraunhofer

  13. The capacitance C of a parallel plate capacitor depends upon:

    1. The magnitude of the charge only

    2. The applied voltage only

    3. The mass of the metal plates

    4. The geometry of the plates and the medium between them

  14. An atomic mass unit (u) is defined as 1/12th of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of:

    1. Hydrogen-1

    2. Carbon-12

    3. Uranium-235

    4. Helium-4

  15. The time period of a simple pendulum is directly proportional to the:

    1. Length of the string

    2. Square root of the length of the string

    3. Mass of the bob

    4. Amplitude of vibration

  16. An alternating current (AC) varies sinusoidally and can be represented by time-dependent:

    1. Linear functions

    2. Sine or cosine functions

    3. Logarithmic functions

    4. Exponential functions

  17. The current measured in a photoelectric circuit when light shines on the cathode is known as:

    1. Alternating current

    2. Thermal current

    3. Photoelectric current 

    4. Saturation voltage

Q2. Short questions (Attempt any 8 of 12 · 8 × 2 = 16)

  1. State the factors on which the time period of a simple pendulum depends and those it is independent of.

  2. Compare the usage of Huygens' principle with Maxwell's equations.

  3. What is the assumption regarding forces of attraction or repulsion between gas particles?

  4. How is the acceleration of the projection point Q related to the centripetal acceleration of the particle?

  5. State the three basic conditions required for two waves to produce a noticeable interference pattern.

  6. Consider a gas enclosed in a sealed container. By what factor does the gas temperature change if: (a) the volume and pressure are both doubled? (b) the volume is halved and the pressure is tripled?

  7. What does the straight horizontal line for Total Energy (T.E.) indicate in the graph?

  8. What does the principle of superposition predict when two identical sound waves arrive exactly in phase?

  9. Define thermal physics.

  10. Define oscillatory motion.

  11. How can constructive and destructive interference be detected in the microwave experiment?

  12. What is the final fate of low and intermediate-mass stars once their nuclear fuel is exhausted?

Q3. Short questions (Attempt any 8 of 12 · 8 × 2 = 16)

  1. Write the formula for the relativistic momentum of a photon in terms of its energy.

  2. Explain how an induction cooktop uses a parallel RLC circuit to heat metal cookware.

  3. If the entire series combination is replaced by a single equivalent capacitor Ce, what will be its charge and potential difference?

  4. Calculate or state the numerical value of the Compton Wavelength for an electron.

  5. Name four real-world devices or fields where mutual inductance finds practical applications.

  6. Define "Dielectric Constant" or relative permittivity.

  7. When does light behave as a wave and when does it behaves as consisted of particles?

  8. Explain how resistance affects oscillations in an RLC circuit using its mechanical analogy.

  9. What is a capacitor and what is its primary function?

  10. Write down Einstein's photoelectric equation and define each of its variables.

  11. Why does a capacitor block DC but allow AC to pass?

  12. How does the electric potential change with an increase in distance from a charge?

Q4. Short questions (Attempt any 6 of 9 · 6 × 2 = 12)

  1.  Write the mathematical expression for redshift (Z) and define its components.

  2. Why can a thin sheet of enriched uranium-235 not sustain a fission chain reaction?

  3. What risk is associated with CT-scans, and what is its radiation dose comparable to?

  4. What percentage of the Sun's energy is absorbed by Earth, and what happens to the rest?

  5. What is a moderator, and why is it used?

  6. What causes an ultrasound wave to reflect when traveling through the body?

  7. Why do astronomers need to measure the distances to stars and galaxies?

  8. What is meant by the random nature of radioactive decay?

  9. Why do doctors take special medical precautions before ordering a CT-scan for certain individuals?

Q5. Long questions (Attempt any 3 of 5 · 3 × 8 = 24)

  1. A 50 Hz AC of peak value 1 A flows through primary coil of a transformer. If the mutual inductance between the primary and secondary be 1.5 H, then find the mean value of induced voltage.

  2. Describe how an ultrasound image is created using the concepts of echoes and reflected sound waves.

  3. Show that temperature of a gas is a direct measure of the average translational K.E. of its molecules.

  4. Two slits spaced 0.450 mm apart are placed 75.0 cm from a screen. What is the distance between the second and third dark lines of the interference pattern on the screen when the slits are illuminated with coherent light with a wavelength of 500 nm?

  5. Two capacitors of capacitances are connected in series and a potential difference of 300 volts is applied. Find the charge and potential difference for each capacitor.