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Punjab (PTB) · Quarter book test · Free

2nd Year Biology 2nd Quarter Book Paper

40 marks · 1 hour · 28 questions. Covers: 4 chapters (CHAP 17: HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM to CHAP 20: BIOTECHNOLOGY).

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2nd Year Biology 2nd Quarter Book Paper

2nd Year · Biology · Punjab (PTB)

Name: ____________Roll No: ________Class/Section: ________Date: ________Total marks: 40Time: 1 hour

Q1. Multiple choice questions (Attempt all · 12 × 1 = 12)

  1. Why has most gene research in humans focused on somatic cells instead of germline cells?

    1. Somatic cells are much larger

    2. Due to risks and ethical issues

    3. Somatic cells do not contain DNA

    4. Germline cells cannot take up foreign genes

  2. If a father has an X-linked dominant trait, who among his children will inherit it?

    1. All of his sons

    2. Half of his sons and half of his daughters

    3. None of his children

    4. All of his daughters

  3. How many initial bases of the new mRNA strand form a temporary hybrid helix with the template DNA strand?

    1. 5 bases

    2. 12 bases

    3. 20 bases

    4. 35 bases

  4. The site of the production of sperm is:

    1. Seminiferous tubules

    2. Epididymis

    3. Seminal vesicle

    4. Vas deference

  5. Identify the FALSE statement.

    1. Restriction enzyme is used for the production of RFLPs.

    2. DNA ligase enzyme is used to cut DNA, creating the sticky ends

    3. Reverse transcriptase enzyme is used for making cDNA from mRNA

    4. Electrophoresis means the separation of DNA fragments

  6. Why is the AB blood group called the universal recipient?

    1. It lacks both antigen-A and antigen-B on RBCs

    2. It lacks both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in plasma

    3. It contains all possible antigens and antibodies

    4. It can produce its own blood cells rapidly

  7. What is another name for the secondary constriction of a chromosome that helps produce nucleoli?

    1. Nuclear Organizer Region (NOR)

    2. Telomere Region

    3. Centromeric Sequence

    4. Sister Chromatid Core

  8. During spermatogenesis, how many haploid spermatids (1n) are ultimately produced from a single diploid spermatogonium (2n)?

    1. One spermatid

    2. Two spermatids

    3. Three spermatids

    4. Four spermatids

  9. What are the identical copies of the gene of interest produced by bacterial clones called?

    1. Mutants

    2. Clones

    3. Hybrids

    4. Vectors

  10. Which of the following is a human example of a Y-linked trait?

    1. Muscular dystrophy

    2. Hypertrichosis

    3. Red-green colour blindness

    4. Vitamin D-resistant rickets

  11. What are the short, separate pieces of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand called?

    1. Primers

    2. Replicons

    3. Okazaki fragments

    4. Termination sites

  12. After ovulation, the remaining ruptured ovarian follicle is transformed into a glandular structure called the:

    1. Graafian follicle

    2. Oocyte

    3. Oviduct

    4. Corpus luteum

Q2. Short questions (Attempt any 8 of 12 · 8 × 2 = 16)

  1. Trace the path of spermatozoa through the male accessory ducts starting from the seminiferous tubules.

  2. Describe the mutant fly that Thomas Hunt Morgan observed in 1910.

  3. What is a replication origin site, and how does its quantity differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

  4. How have scientists created malaria-resistant mosquitoes in the laboratory?

  5. When do the ova in a females begin meiosis? When do they complete the first meiotic division?

  6. Breakdown the disguised 1:2:1 genetic ratio found within the F2 generation.

  7. Describe the structural dimensions and nucleotide count of DNA in an average human chromosome

  8. Why are bacterial cells preferred as an ideal expression system?

  9. What are the main functional roles of the fluid secreted by the bulbourethral glands?

  10. What are "secretors" and which gene regulates this condition?

  11. What is chromatin fibre? How is it formed during condensation of chromatin?

  12. What is the primary function of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?

Q3. Long questions (Attempt any 3 of 4 · 3 × 4 = 12)

  1. Write a note on the inheritance of colour blindness in humans.

  2. Investigate careers that require an understanding of biotechnology and genetic engineering.

  3. DNA Polymerase III is a highly efficient proof-reader that fixes its own mistakes. What happens to a cell if the gene for the "proof-reader" enzyme itself gets a mutation?

  4. Describe the effect of endocrine disrupting contaminants on the reproductive abilities.