Skip to content
p.paperbanao.
Continue

Punjab (PTB) · Half book test (board pattern) · Free

2nd Year Biology Second half Book Paper

85 marks · 3 hours · 55 questions. Covers: 6 chapters (CHAP 20: BIOTECHNOLOGY to CHAP 25: ECOLOGY).

Your school name

2nd Year Biology Second half Book Paper

2nd Year · Biology · Punjab (PTB)

Name: ____________Roll No: ________Class/Section: ________Date: ________Total marks: 85Time: 3 hours

Q1. Multiple choice questions (Attempt all · 17 × 1 = 17)

  1. In which year did Charles Darwin set sail on his scientific expedition?

    1. 1831

    2. 1809

    3. 1859

    4. 1882

  2. What statistical tool breaks data down into specific intervals for a deeper analysis?

    1. Percentiles

    2. Mean

    3. Mode

    4. Average

  3. Macrophages ingest a bacterium by which cellular process?

    1. Exocytosis

    2. Endocytosis

    3. Diffusion

    4. Osmosis

  4. Type I (convex) survivorship curves are characteristic of which organisms?

    1. Humans and other mammals

    2. Birds and lizards

    3. Fishes and invertebrates

    4. Photosynthetic bacteria

  5. Why has most gene research in humans focused on somatic cells instead of germline cells?

    1. Somatic cells are much larger

    2. Due to risks and ethical issues

    3. Somatic cells do not contain DNA

    4. Germline cells cannot take up foreign genes

  6. Sulfonamides are often combined with which agent to create a stronger, bactericidal combined therapy?

    1. Quinine

    2. Trimethoprim

    3. Chloroquine

    4. Beta-lactamase

  7. According to the endosymbiotic theory, smaller engulfed prokaryotes capable of aerobic respiration evolved into:

    1. Mitochondria

    2. Nuclei

    3. Chloroplasts

    4. Endoplasmic reticulum

  8. Which of the following is considered the simplest form of variability to measure data dispersion?

    1. Mean

    2. Variance

    3. Range

    4. Percentile

  9. Secreted B receptor proteins that circulate freely in the body are called:

    1. Antibodies

    2. Antigens

    3. Cytokines

    4. Histamines

  10. Absorption and re-emission of heat radiation by the atmosphere is called:

    1. Global warming

    2. Ozone depletion

    3. Acid rain

    4. Greenhouse effect

  11. Identify the FALSE statement.

    1. Restriction enzyme is used for the production of RFLPs.

    2. DNA ligase enzyme is used to cut DNA, creating the sticky ends

    3. Reverse transcriptase enzyme is used for making cDNA from mRNA

    4. Electrophoresis means the separation of DNA fragments

  12. To prevent reduced drug absorption, tetracycline should not be taken alongside:

    1. Water or juices

    2. Green leafy vegetables

    3. Dairy or iron supplements

    4. Carbohydrate-rich foods

  13. Neo-Darwinism was formed in the early 20th century by integrating Darwinism with:

    1. Modern genetics

    2. Traditional creationism

    3. Geology

    4. Environmental physics

  14. Pie charts are ideal for visualizing data as:

    1. Continuous linear trends

    2. Portions of a whole

    3. Scattered individual points

    4. Intersecting geometric planes

  15. What specific proteins do Natural Killer Cells release to create pores in an infected target cell's membrane?

    1. Interferons

    2. Perforins

    3. Antibodies

    4. Histamines

  16. Which of the following is classified as a sedimentary cycle?

    1. Nitrogen cycle

    2. Oxygen cycle

    3. Phosphorus cycle

    4. Carbon cycle

  17. What are the identical copies of the gene of interest produced by bacterial clones called?

    1. Mutants

    2. Clones

    3. Hybrids

    4. Vectors

Q2. Short questions (Attempt any 8 of 12 · 8 × 2 = 16)

  1. How have scientists created malaria-resistant mosquitoes in the laboratory?

  2. Define Natural Active Immunity.

  3. Why are bacterial cells preferred as an ideal expression system?

  4. What is the primary drawback of using general immunosuppressive drugs to treat autoimmune diseases or transplant rejection?

  5. What is the primary function of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?

  6. How does Active Immunity differ from Passive Immunity?

  7. How are genetically modified viruses used in gene therapy?

  8. Differentiate between the constant region and the variable region of an antibody.

  9. How are host cells transformed to produce both insulin chains?

  10. What is the role of lysozyme in sweat and saliva?

  11. What is DNA Ligase and why is it called molecular glue?

  12. Define an antigen determinant.

Q3. Short questions (Attempt any 8 of 12 · 8 × 2 = 16)

  1. List the three key characteristics of a bar chart.

  2. Differentiate between the actions of Fluoroquinolones on Gram-positive versus Gram-negative bacteria.

  3. What does a legend in a chart present?

  4. Define the primary purpose of drug discovery and drug development.

  5. How is the median calculated when the number of values in a dataset is even?

  6. Differentiate between in vitro and in vivo testing in Preclinical Research.

  7. Define the x-axis in a graphical data representation.

  8. What is meant by Target Identification?

  9. Why are error bars valuable to researchers analyzing a central tendency like a mean?

  10. How does penicillin cause bacterial cells to burst (lysis)?

  11. How does biostatistics assist policymakers in public health?

  12. Define Antibiotics.

Q4. Short questions (Attempt any 6 of 9 · 6 × 2 = 12)

  1. Explain what Divergent Evolution means.

  2. List four major human activities that release excessive carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

  3. Why was Lamarck criticized heavily during his own lifetime?

  4. Why is the biosphere often called the "Global Ecosystem"?

  5. What is the title of the book published by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, and what does it mean?

  6. Differentiate between gaseous cycles and sedimentary cycles.

  7. Name four distinct vestigial structures found in the human body.

  8. Name three distinct organisms that interact within the Mangrove Forest community in Karachi.

  9.  What is meant by Mutational Equilibrium?

Q5. Long questions (Attempt any 3 of 5 · 3 × 8 = 24)

  1. How are monocytes, T-cells and B-cells the components of the immune system?

  2. Investigate careers that require an understanding of biotechnology and genetic engineering.

  3. Describe the evidences of evolution that come from comparative anatomy.

  4. Explain the concepts of mean, median, and mode as measures of central tendency. Illustrate with examples when each measure would be most appropriate.

  5. Assess the possible consequences of the misuse and overuse of antibiotics on human health.