2nd Year Biology Chapter 13 TestECOLOGY

Q1. Multiple choice questions (Attempt all · 10 × 1 = 10)

1. Type I (convex) survivorship curves are characteristic of which organisms?

   1. Humans and other mammals

   2. Birds and lizards

   3. Fishes and invertebrates

   4. Photosynthetic bacteria

2. Absorption and re-emission of heat radiation by the atmosphere is called:

   1. Global warming

   2. Ozone depletion

   3. Acid rain

   4. Greenhouse effect

3. Which of the following is classified as a sedimentary cycle?

   1. Nitrogen cycle

   2. Oxygen cycle

   3. Phosphorus cycle

   4. Carbon cycle

4. In a standard survivorship graph, which variable is represented on the horizontal X-axis?

   1. Number of survivors

   2. Age

   3. Mortality rate

   4. Environmental impact

5. Approximately what percentage of solar energy falling on producers is converted into the bond-energy of organic matter?

   1. 1 to 2%

   2. 10%

   3. 33%

   4. 50%

6. In Pakistan, the Coniferous Forest Biome is located in the high-altitude areas of:

   1. Thal and Thar

   2. Karachi mangroves

   3. Indus River delta

   4. Murree and Swat

7. Demography is scientifically defined as the statistical study of:

   1. Atmospheric gas concentrations

   2. Characteristics of populations

   3. Deep oceanic soil configurations

   4. Unidirectional energy flows

8. Denitrification typically occurs in which specific type of environmental conditions?

   1. Dry desert sand

   2. Waterlogged soils

   3. High-altitude mountain rocks

   4. Highly aerated potting soil

9. A large, distinct geographical region characterized by its specific climate, soil altitude, and adapted life-forms is a:

   1. Biome

   2. Population

   3. Species

   4. Micro-ecosystem

10. Besides photosynthesis, plants use absorbed water to maintain structural support through:

    1. Atmospheric evaporation

    2. Metabolic excretion

    3. Turgor pressure

    4. Surface runoff