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Federal (FBISE) · Chapter test · Free

10th Class Chemistry Chapter 1 Test01. History of Chemistry

30 marks · 40 minutes · 21 questions. Covers: 01. History of Chemistry.

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10th Class Chemistry Chapter 1 Test

10th Class · Chemistry · Federal (FBISE)

Name: ____________Roll No: ________Class/Section: ________Date: ________Total marks: 30Time: 40 minutes

Q1. Multiple choice questions (Attempt all · 10 × 1 = 10)

  1. What does a small standard error (e.g., 0.1°C) show?
    1. That the value is uncertain
    2. That the average value is accurate
    3. That data is not useful
    4. That the experiment should be redone
  2. What did the Phlogiston Theory try to explain?
    1. Atomic structure
    2. Radioactivity
    3. Burning (combustion) and rusting
    4. Energy level
  3. Confidence intervals show:
    1. How hot a substance is
    2. How much data varies
    3. How precise a measurement is
    4. The probability of being wrong
  4. Repeatability shows that:
    1. Different scientists can repeat the experiment
    2. The experiment is consistent in different labs
    3. The experiment is well-controlled and consistent in one setting
    4. The experiment gives new results
  5. What happens when a scientific article is published?
    1. It's posted online
    2. It's ignored
    3. It must be reviewed and tested by other scientists
    4. It's considered always correct
  6. In the Plum Pudding Model (1904), what did J.J. Thomson compare atoms to?
    1. A gold sphere
    2. A pudding with negatively charged electrons scattered in a positively charged “soup”
    3. A mini solar system
    4. A jelly with protons
  7. What do chemists create based on what they observe in experiments?
    1. Models
    2. Energy
    3. Theories
    4. Both A and C
  8. What did Rutherford's gold foil experiment prove?
    1. Atoms are indivisible
    2. Atoms are mostly empty space with a dense, positively charged centre
    3. Atoms contain only electrons
    4. Atoms are made of pudding
  9. Who changed the way chemists do experiments by making them more accurate and reliable?
    1. Dmitri Mendeleev
    2. Antoine Lavoisier
    3. Isaac Newton
    4. Albert Einstein
  10. What is a scientific paradigm?
    1. A set of laws that never change
    2. A set of ideas, methods, and rules that guide scientists in their research
    3. A type of experiment done in a lab
    4. A theory that cannot be proven wrong

Q2. Short questions (Attempt any 6 of 8 · 6 × 2 = 12)

  1. What must results come from in science?
  2. Describe the peer review process and its importance in science.
  3. How do chemists aim to be objective when performing experiments?
  4. What does Bayesian probability do?
  5. What was the Phlogiston Theory?
  6. Explain the principle of conservation of mass in chemical reaction.
  7. What is meant by the conservation of mass and energy?
  8. What does reproducibility show about the findings?

Q3. Long questions (Attempt any 2 of 3 · 2 × 4 = 8)

  1. Describe how scientific paradigms have changed over time using examples such as the Phlogiston Theory, historical models of the atom, and the development of the Periodic Table
  2. Describe the tools scientists use to measure confidence and uncertainty in chemistry.
  3. Explain the following principles and methods used in chemistry with examples: (a) Conservation of Mass and Energy (b) Using Observations and Logical Thinking (c) Controlled Experiments (d) Peer Review